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Delivering the Science
and the Art of Health Promotion |
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Robert F. Allen
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| Volume 25, Issue 4 | ||
| Michael P. O'Donnell | iv |
Editor's Notes: Reflections on the 25th Anniversary of Publishing the American Journal of Health Promotion: People, Scientific Progress, and Missteps |
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Judd Allen |
ei@ |
Reflections on Developments in Health Promotion in the Past Quarter
Century From Founding Members of the American Journal of Health Promotion
Editorial Board |
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Allen Best |
eix@ |
Systems Thinking and Health Promotion |
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Barry A. Franklin |
exi@ |
Health Implications of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Too Little
Exercise, and Too Much Sitting Time: Changing Paradigms and Perceptions |
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Ron Z. Goetzel |
exvi@ |
Reflections on 25 Years of Health Promotion—Where Have We Been and Where
Are We Going?http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.25.4.exvi |
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Lawrence W. Green |
exix@ |
What Has Changed Most Dramatically Since the Inauguration of the American Journal of Health Promotion?http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.25.4.exix |
| THE SCIENCE OF HEALTH PROMOTION | ||
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Interventions |
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| Fitness | ||
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Melissa Grim
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227 |
Impact Evaluation of a Pilot Web-Based Intervention to Increase Physical Activity This pilot Web-based study was designed to evaluate the impact of a
10-week physical activity intervention on moderate and vigorous physical
activity and on social support, self-efficacy, self-regulation, and outcome
expectations among college students. The sample consisted of 233 students
who provided pretest and posttest data. Although the design of the pilot
study had several limitations, this Web-based physical activity course was
superior to a traditional health course in promoting changes in vigorous
physical activity, self-regulation, and outcome expectancies among
participating college students. |
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Ellinor K. Olander |
231 |
Effectiveness and Cost of Two Stair-Climbing Interventions—Less Is More Stair climbing in the workplace is commonly supported as a health
promoting behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the
effectiveness of two interventions in changing stair-climbing behaviors and
cost per employee. The two interventions were an information-based
intervention delivered at a health information day and an environmental
intervention consisting of posters as a point-of-choice prompt. Subjects
included university employees. An interrupted time-series design was used.
Providing information on stair climbing at the health information day was
more expensive than the point-of-choice prompts and was inferior in
promoting stair climbing. |
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Mariane M. |
237 |
Effects of Resistance Training on Functional Ability in Elderly Individuals This study details an exercise intervention targeting functionally
limited elderly (65–93 years) using a 16-week, three-times-per-week
resistance training program. The participants exercised in a group setting
once a week and were given a home-exercise book to follow for two additional
sessions per week. The exercise group demonstrated significant improvements
in upper body strength as measured by biceps curl and lower body strength as
measured by chair sit-to-stand. Some improvements in gait velocity and step
length were also noted. Compared to minimal changes in the control group,
the exercise group thus demonstrated significant improvements in some
measures of functional ability with the resistance training exercise
program. |
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Medical Self-Care | |
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Sheree M.
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244 |
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Los Angeles County This study investigated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and risk behaviors in a longitudinal sample of young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Data from the Healthy Young Men’s study were analyzed. Participants were recruited from public venues in Los Angeles County in which YMSM spend time. Over 500 (n = 526) participants were enrolled. Testing recency was assessed using a four-point ordinal scale and HIV-risk behaviors were measured by reported unprotected anal intercourse, club drug use, and illicit drug use over the prior 3 months. Results showed no significant correlations between testing recency and sex risk, and, although participation in testing increased, there was no corresponding change in HIV-risk behavior. |
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Laura Rosen
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248 |
Enabling Hygienic Behavior Among Preschoolers: Improving Environmental Conditions Through a Multifaceted Intervention Environmental conditions can serve as enabling factors for health
promotion. A cluster randomized trial with randomization at the level of the
preschool was used to assess the effect of a preschool hygiene intervention
program on classroom environmental conditions at 40 secular and religious
Jerusalem preschools. Measures included presence of soap, soap dispenser,
paper towel, paper towel dispenser, cloth towels, communal cup, and personal
cups. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the effect of
the intervention program on environmental conditions. Information was
obtained from most preschools. Baseline environmental hygienic conditions
were poor and, relative to the control, several of the environmental
conditions improved after the intervention. This study suggests that
sustained environmental change is possible in the preschool environment. |
| Weight Control | ||
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Christine E. Cronk
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e1@ |
Effects of a Culturally Tailored Intervention on Changes in Body Mass Index and Health-Related Quality of Life of Latino Children and Their Parents This study evaluated the effects of a multicomponent, family-based,
culturally tailored intervention for overweight Latino children and their
parents. Outcome measures included BMI, fitness measures, self-reported
eating patterns, sedentary behaviors and, quality of life scales for
children and parents. Small but statistically significant changes in child
BMI Z-scores and parent fitness were documented. Quality of life increased
significantly for children and parents. This culturally tailored program
focused on Latino families and integrating cultural and social
circumstances, emphasizing goal setting and lifestyle changes demonstrated
weight management and quality of life benefits for this group of at-risk
children. |
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Strategies |
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| Behavior Change | ||
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Ana D. Goode
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257 |
A Telephone-Delivered Physical Activity and Dietary Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension: Does Intervention Dose Influence Outcomes? The purpose of this study was to examine associations of intervention dose with behavior change outcomes in a telephone counseling intervention for physical activity and dietary change. Subjects included adult patients with type 2 diabetes or hypertension in a disadvantaged community in Queensland, Australia. Patients received telephone counseling over a 12-month period. The intervention dose was defined as the number of calls completed in total and during each phase. Diet and activity were measured using validated self-report instruments. Those completing a high number of calls were more likely to be women, Caucasian, aged over 60 years, not working full time, and earning less than the average Australian weekly wage. This study suggests that interventions of longer duration may be required to influence complex behaviors such as physical activity, fat, and fiber intake. |
| Applications | ||
| Health Promoting Community Design | ||
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Lee-Ann M.
|
e12@ |
The Association Between Objectively Measured Neighborhood Features and Walking in Middle-Aged Adults The purpose of this study was to explore the role of the neighborhood environment in supporting walking. A cross-sectional study of 10,296 residents, aged 40–65, from 200 neighborhoods in the Brisbane City Local Government Area, Australia, was undertaken. Both environmental (street connectivity, residential density) and walking (minutes) data were collected by mail survey. The association between each neighborhood characteristic and walking was examined using multilevel multinomial logistic regression. Results showed that the likelihood of meeting (and exceeding) physical activity recommendations on the basis of walking was higher in neighborhoods with greater street connectivity and residential density, more street lights and bikeways, closer proximity to waterways, and less tree coverage. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.25.4.e12 |
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Noe C. Crespo
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264 |
Worksite Physical Activity Policies and Environments in Relation to Employee Physical Activity This study examined the associations between worksite physical activity promotion strategies and employees’ physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Participants (n = 1313) reported demographic characteristics and presence/absence of nine physical activity promotion environment and policy strategies in their work environment (e.g., showers, lockers, physical activity programs). A worksite physical activity promotion index was a tally of strategies. Total sedentary and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) minutes/day were objectively assessed via 7-day accelerometry. Total job-related physical activity minutes and recreational physical activity minutes were self-assessed with the IPAQ. A higher worksite promotion index was significantly associated with higher total sedentary (β = 3.97), MVPA (β = 1.04), recreational physical activity (β = 1.1 and OR = 1.39; at and away from work, respectively) and negatively with job-related physical activity (β = .90). Multiple worksite physical activity promotion strategies based on environmental supports and policies may increase recreational physical activity and should be evaluated in controlled trials. |
| Research Methods | ||
| Financial Analysis | ||
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Laura C. Williams
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272 |
Medical Cost Savings for Web-Based Wellness Program Participants From Employers Engaged in Health Promotion Activities The impact of an online health promotion program on medical costs was
measured among the employer clients with 100 or more employees of a health
insurance company based in Pennsylvania. The program was offered to all 1299
employer clients in 2004. 643 of them retained their coverage for all of the
years of the study (2003–2007); 398 of those tried aspects of the program at
least 3 years between 2004 and 2007, and 47 of those employers engaged at
least 25% of their employees for 2 or more years and at least 20% for the
full study period and were considered “engaged” employers. Within these 47
engaged employers, 10,682 individual employees participated in programs and
retained their medical coverage through the insurer for all 5 years and were
considered “participants.” Medical costs were compared to those of 10,682
matched employees drawn from 131,054 employees who worked for the 596
employers who were not engaged and did not participate in programs. They
were called nonparticipants. In the first year, medical costs were higher
for participants than for nonparticipants ($2793 vs. $2590). By 2005, costs
of participants were lower than costs of nonparticipants, and costs of
participants remained lower in 2006 and 2007 ($3645 vs. $3778). Utilization
of preventive services was higher among participants in 2003, and this
difference had increased by 2007. |
| DataBase: Research and Evaluation Results | 281 | Four new studies are critiqued and added to the DataBase |
| Abstracts | 287 | Three abstracts are featured from a variety of publications. |
| Errata | 288 | |
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The Art of Health Promotion |
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Mark Nordvedt
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TAHP-1 |
Health Promotion in Faith-Based Institutions and Communities Approximately 83% of Americans consider themselves as belonging to a
faith-based community. Their levels of personal involvement vary
tremendously, but should still be of significance to those concerned about
our national health promotion and prevention agenda. The characteristics of
these communities make them very compatible with the purposes and values of
health promotion and wellness. In this article this potential, its
challenges, its advantages and disadvantages, and possible solutions are
explored.
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American Journal of Health Promotion | 248-682-0707 |
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